Litche sinensis (graine)

Litchi sinensis Sonn. 

Macérat des graines brut

Le Lytchee est un fruit tropical qui fait parti de la culture traditionnelle chinoise aussi bien gastronomique que médicinale et les études moderne ont confirmés les indications dont la MTC (médecine traditionnelle Chinoise) utilisait les graines du Lytchee. Environ une centaine d’études quasiment toutes faites par des équipes chinoises explorent des pistes autour des cancers (apoptose), de la maladie d’Alzheimer, du diabète,  comme neuro-protecteur, reno-protecteur et contre l’obésité.

Ethnobotanique : 

Utilisé traditionnellement en MTC (médecine traditionnelle Chinoise) pour ces vertus :

-Modulation de la glycémie et des lipides

-Antioxydation

-Antivirus

-Antitumoral

Composants des graines :

-quercétine, 

-procyanidine A2 et le (2R), (possible inhibition des cytokines neuro-inflammatoires, inhibition de l’apoptose et possible facteur de nécrose tumorale)

-naringénine-7-O-(3-O-αL-rhamnopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranoside), 

-catéchine  (neuro-protecteur)

Propriétés des graines  (scientifiquement démontrés) :

-Anticancéreuses (1)

-Inhibition de l’apoptose (4,5,7,15,16)

-Antibactériennes (1)

-Antioxydantes (1)

-Antiglycantes (diabète, antihyperglycémiques, diabète sucré de type II (T2DM)) (1,6,9)

-Régulation des lipides (1,9)

-Neuroprotection, anti-neuro-inflammatoire(1,3,4,5,7,8,14)

-Effet anti-neurotoxique  (1)

-Effet réno-protecteur (1)

-Maladie d’Alzheimer (2,4,6,7,8,14)

-Obésité et modulation du microbiote intestinal (10)

-Activité inhibitrice de la lipase pancréatique  (11)

-Néoplasmes urologiques dont le cancer de la prostate (12,13)

1.Zhang Y, Jin D, An X, Duan L, Duan Y, Lian F. Lychee Seed as a Potential Hypoglycemic Agent, and Exploration of its Underlying Mechanisms. Front Pharmacol. 2021 Oct 8;12:737803. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.737803. PMID: 34690773; PMCID: PMC8531476.

2.Qiu WQ, Pan R, Tang Y, Zhou XG, Wu JM, Yu L, Law BY, Ai W, Yu CL, Qin DL, Wu AG. Lychee seed polyphenol inhibits Aβ-induced activation of NLRP3 inflammasome via the LRP1/AMPK mediated autophagy induction. Biomed Pharmacother. 2020 Oct;130:110575. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110575. Epub 2020 Aug 5. PMID: 32768883.

3.Xiong R, Zhou XG, Tang Y, Wu JM, Sun YS, Teng JF, Pan R, Law BY, Zhao Y, Qiu WQ, Wang XL, Liu S, Wang YL, Yu L, Yu CL, Mei QB, Qin DL, Wu AG. Lychee seed polyphenol protects the blood-brain barrier through inhibiting Aβ(25-35)-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation via the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1-mediated autophagy in bEnd.3 cells and APP/PS1 mice. Phytother Res. 2021 Feb;35(2):954-973. doi: 10.1002/ptr.6849. Epub 2020 Sep 6. PMID: 32893437.

4.Zhao Y, Zeng Y, Wu A, Yu C, Tang Y, Wang X, Xiong R, Chen H, Wu J, Qin D. Lychee Seed Fraction Inhibits Aβ(1-42)-Induced Neuroinflammation in BV-2 Cells via NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol. 2018 Apr 23;9:380. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00380. PMID: 29740316; PMCID: PMC5925968.

5.Tang Y, Xiong R, Wu AG, Yu CL, Zhao Y, Qiu WQ, Wang XL, Teng JF, Liu J, Chen HX, Wu JM, Qin DL. Polyphenols Derived from Lychee Seed Suppress Aβ (1-42)-Induced Neuroinflammation. Int J Mol Sci. 2018 Jul 20;19(7):2109. doi: 10.3390/ijms19072109. PMID: 30036972; PMCID: PMC6073121.

6.Tang Y, Yu C, Wu J, Chen H, Zeng Y, Wang X, Yang L, Mei Q, Cao S, Qin D. Lychee seed extract protects against neuronal injury and improves cognitive function in rats with type II diabetes mellitus with cognitive impairment. Int J Mol Med. 2018 Jan;41(1):251-263. doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3245. Epub 2017 Nov 9. PMID: 29138799; PMCID: PMC5746317.

7.Wang X, Wu J, Yu C, Tang Y, Liu J, Chen H, Jin B, Mei Q, Cao S, Qin D. Lychee Seed Saponins Improve Cognitive Function and Prevent Neuronal Injury via Inhibiting Neuronal Apoptosis in a Rat Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Nutrients. 2017 Feb 4;9(2):105. doi: 10.3390/nu9020105. PMID: 28165366; PMCID: PMC5331536.

8.Zhang X, Wang Y, Qin Q, Wang Y, Xu J, He X. Pronounced anti-neuroinflammatory jasmonates and terpenes isolated from lychee seeds. Fitoterapia. 2021 Jul;152:104924. doi: 10.1016/j.fitote.2021.104924. Epub 2021 May 11. PMID: 33984432.

9.Contreras-Castro AI, Oidor-Chan VH, Bustamante-Camilo P, Pelayo-Zaldívar C, Díaz de León-Sánchez F, Mendoza-Espinoza JA. Chemical Characterization and Evaluation of the Antihyperglycemic Effect of Lychee (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) cv. Brewster. J Med Food. 2022 Jan;25(1):61-69. doi: 10.1089/jmf.2021.0098. Epub 2021 Dec 7. PMID: 34874786.

10.Xiang JY, Chi YY, Han JX, Kong P, Liang Z, Wang D, Xiang H, Xie Q. Litchi chinensis seed prevents obesity and modulates the gut microbiota and mycobiota compositions in high-fat diet-induced obese zebrafish. Food Funct. 2022 Mar 7;13(5):2832-2845. doi: 10.1039/d1fo03991a. PMID: 35179169.

11.Mhatre SV, Bhagit AA, Yadav RP. Proteinaceous Pancreatic Lipase Inhibitor from the Seed of Litchi chinensis. Food Technol Biotechnol. 2019 Mar;57(1):113-118. doi: 10.17113/ftb.57.01.19.5909. PMID: 31316283; PMCID: PMC6600303.

12.Chang M, Zhu D, Chen Y, Zhang W, Liu X, Li XL, Cheng Z, Su Z, Zhang J, Lu Y, Guo H. Total Flavonoids of Litchi Seed Attenuate Prostate Cancer Progression Via Inhibiting AKT/mTOR and NF-kB Signaling Pathways. Front Pharmacol. 2021 Sep 23;12:758219. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.758219. PMID: 34630125; PMCID: PMC8495171.

13.Guo H, Luo H, Yuan H, Xia Y, Shu P, Huang X, Lu Y, Liu X, Keller ET, Sun D, Deng J, Zhang J. Author Correction: Litchi seed extracts diminish prostate cancer progression via induction of apoptosis and attenuation of EMT through Akt/GSK-3β signaling. Sci Rep. 2021 Jul 20;11(1):15201. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-94623-5. Erratum for: Sci Rep. 2017 Jan 30;7:41656. PMID: 34285337; PMCID: PMC8292357.

14.Sun Y, Wu A, Li X, Qin D, Jin B, Liu J, Tang Y, Wu J, Yu C. The seed of Litchi chinensis fraction ameliorates hippocampal neuronal injury in an Aβ25-35-induced Alzheimer's disease rat model via the AKT/GSK-3β pathway. Pharm Biol. 2020 Dec;58(1):35-43. doi: 10.1080/13880209.2019.1697298. PMID: 31881157; PMCID: PMC6968628.

15.Hsu CP, Lin CC, Huang CC, Lin YH, Chou JC, Tsia YT, Su JR, Chung YC. Induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in human colorectal carcinoma by Litchi seed extract. J Biomed Biotechnol. 2012;2012:341479. doi: 10.1155/2012/341479. Epub 2012 Oct 3. PMID: 23093841; PMCID: PMC3470890.

16.Liao Y, Luo Z, Liu Y, Xue W, He S, Chen X, Ren H, Yang X, Zhu D, Su Z, Huang Q, Guo H. Total flavonoids of Litchi seed attenuate stem cell-like properties in breast cancer by regulating Notch3 signaling pathway. J Ethnopharmacol. 2023 Apr 6;305:116133. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116133. Epub 2023 Jan 2. PMID: 36603788.